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1 - Introduction Understanding C#, .Net, and Your First Setup
1.1 What is .Net
1.1.1 The .Net Framework Windows only legacy
1.1.2 The .Net Core cross platform modern
1.1.3 The .Net 5, 6, 7, 8 unified platform
1.1.4 The .Net Standard API compatibility contract
1.2 Installing the .Net SDK
1.2.1 Download from dotnet.microsoft.com
1.2.2 Verify installation with dotnet info
1.2.3 SDK vs Runtime
1.3 Project structure
1.3.1 Csproj file XML format package references
1.3.2 Program.cs entry point
1.3.3 Appsettings.JSON configuration
1.3.4 Obj and bin folders
1.4 The dotnet CLI
1.4.1 Dotnet new create project from template
1.4.2 Dotnet build compile
1.4.3 Dotnet run build and execute
1.4.4 Dotnet test run unit tests
1.4.5 Dotnet publish create deployable output
1.5 Top level statements C# 9 and later
1.5.1 No explicit Main method
1.5.2 Implicit using directives
1.5.3 When to use vs traditional Main
1.6 Your first console app Hello World
1.6.1 Create project dotnet new console n HelloWorld
1.6.2 Write Console.WriteLine Hello World
1.6.3 Run and observe output
1.7 Project Command Line Greeting Tool
1.7.1 Idea ask name and favourite colour print greeting
1.7.2 Folder structure GreetingTool Program.cs
1.7.3 Steps ask name ask colour print personalised greeting
2 - Primitive Types and Basic Syntax
2.1 Value types
2.1.1 Integral types
2.2 Reference types
2.2.1 String
2.2.2 Object
2.2.3 Dynamic
2.3 Variables and constants
2.3.1 Declaration type variableName
2.3.2 Initialisation int x = 5
2.3.3 Type inference with var
2.3.4 Constants const double Pi = 3.14
2.3.5 Read only fields
2.4 String interpolation
2.4.1 Syntax Hello name
2.4.2 Formatting value format
2.4.3 Escape sequences for literal brace
2.5 Basic IO
2.5.1 Console.WriteLine line
2.5.2 Console.Write no newline
2.5.3 Console.ReadLine returns string
2.5.4 Console.ReadKey single character
2.6 Type conversion
2.6.1 Implicit conversion
2.6.2 Explicit cast
2.6.3 Convert class
2.6.4 Parse and TryParse
2.7 Project Simple Calculator
3 - Control Flow and Operators
3.1 Conditional statements
3.1.1 If statement
3.1.2 Else if chain
3.1.3 Else clause
3.1.4 Nested if
3.2 Switch statement
3.2.1 Switch with constant patterns
3.2.2 Switch with pattern matching C# 7 and later
3.2.3 When guards
3.2.4 Goto case rare
3.3 Switch expressions C# 8 and later
3.3.1 Syntax
3.3.2 Discard pattern
3.4 Loops
3.4.1 For loop
3.4.2 Foreach
3.4.3 While
3.4.4 Do while
3.5 Loop control
3.5.1 Break
3.5.2 Continue
3.5.3 Return
3.5.4 Goto avoid
3.6 Operators
3.6.1 Arithmetic
3.6.2 Assignment
3.6.3 Logical
3.6.4 Comparison
3.6.5 Null coalescing
3.6.6 Null conditional
3.6.7 Ternary
3.6.8 Bitwise
3.7 Project Number Guessing Game
4 - Object Oriented Programming OOP Deep Dive
4.1 Classes and objects
4.1.1 Class definition
4.1.2 Instantiation
4.1.3 Fields
4.1.4 Properties
4.1.5 Methods
4.2 Encapsulation
4.2.1 Access modifiers
4.2.2 Property accessors
4.2.3 Auto implemented properties
4.3 Inheritance
4.3.1 Base class and derived class
4.3.2 Base keyword
4.3.3 Sealed classes
4.3.4 Virtual and override methods
4.3.5 Abstract classes and methods
4.3.6 Hiding members with new
4.4 Polymorphism
4.4.1 Compile time overloading
4.4.2 Runtime virtual override
4.4.3 Is and as operators
4.5 Interfaces
4.5.1 Interface definition
4.5.2 Implementing an interface
4.5.3 Explicit interface implementation
4.5.4 Default interface methods C# 8 and later
4.6 Static classes and members
4.6.1 Static fields methods properties
4.6.2 Static constructor
4.6.3 Static class cannot be instantiated
4.7 Project Library Management System console
5 - Design Patterns for Backend Development
5.1 Creational patterns
5.1.1 Factory Method
5.1.2 Abstract Factory
5.1.3 Singleton
5.1.4 Builder
5.1.5 Prototype
5.2 Structural patterns
5.2.1 Adapter
5.2.2 Proxy
5.2.3 Decorator
5.2.4 Facade
5.2.5 Bridge
5.2.6 Composite
5.2.7 Flyweight
5.3 Behavioural patterns
5.3.1 Strategy
5.3.2 Command
5.3.3 Observer
5.3.4 Chain of Responsibility
5.3.5 Mediator
5.3.6 Memento
5.3.7 State
5.3.8 Template Method
5.3.9 Visitor
5.4 Architectural patterns for backend
5.4.1 Repository
5.4.2 Middleware
5.4.3 Dependency Injection
5.5 Project Discount Strategy System
6 - Advanced Type System
6.1 Records
6.1.1 Record class
6.1.2 Record struct
6.1.3 Positional records
6.1.4 With expressions
6.1.5 Value based equality
6.2 Structs
6.2.1 Struct
6.2.2 Readonly struct
6.2.3 Ref struct
6.2.4 When to use struct vs class
6.3 Enums
6.3.1 Enum definition
6.3.2 Underlying type
6.3.3 Flags enum
6.3.4 Enum Parse and Enum GetValues
6.4 Nullable reference types C# 8 and later
6.4.1 String question mark nullable reference
6.4.2 Nullable annotation context
6.4.3 Null forgiving operator
6.4.4 Nullable warnings
6.5 Pattern matching
6.5.1 Constant pattern
6.5.2 Type pattern
6.5.3 Property pattern
6.5.4 Positional pattern
6.5.5 List patterns C# 11
6.5.6 Var pattern
6.6 Project Immutable Person Record with Validation
7 - Delegates Events and Lambdas
7.1 Delegates
7.1.1 Declaration
7.1.2 Instantiation and invocation
7.1.3 Multicast delegates
7.1.4 Generic delegates Action Func Predicate
7.2 Events
7.2.1 Event keyword
7.2.2 Subscribing and unsubscribing
7.2.3 Event invocation
7.2.4 Standard pattern EventHandler and EventArgs
7.3 Lambda expressions
7.3.1 Syntax
7.3.2 Statement lambdas
7.3.3 Capturing outer variables closures
7.3.4 Expression trees
7.4 Anonymous functions
7.4.1 Delegate keyword pre lambda
7.4.2 Comparison with lambdas
7.5 Project Button Click Simulator Event
8 - LINQ Language Integrated Query
8.1 Query syntax vs method syntax
8.1.1 Query syntax
8.1.2 Method syntax
8.1.3 Mixing both
8.2 Deferred vs immediate execution
8.2.1 Deferred operators
8.2.2 Immediate operators
8.2.3 Streaming vs buffering operators
8.3 LINQ to Objects LINQ to XML LINQ to Entities
8.3.1 In memory collections
8.3.2 XML
8.3.3 EF Core SQL translation
8.4 Common operators
8.4.1 Filtering
8.4.2 Projection
8.4.3 Ordering
8.4.4 Grouping
8.4.5 Joining
8.4.6 Aggregation
8.4.7 Element operators
8.4.8 Set operators
8.4.9 Quantifiers
8.4.10 Partitioning
8.5 Project Employee Data Analysis
9 - Asynchronous Programming async await
9.1 Task based Asynchronous Pattern TAP
9.1.1 Task no result
9.1.2 Task T result
9.1.3 ValueTask and ValueTask T for performance
9.2 Async and await
9.2.1 Marking method async
9.2.2 Await unwraps the result
9.2.3 Compiler transformation into state machine
9.3 Return types of async methods
9.3.1 Task for void async
9.3.2 Task T for returning value
9.3.3 Void only for event handlers avoid
9.4 Asynchronous streams
9.4.1 IAsyncEnumerable T
9.4.2 Await foreach
9.4.3 Await using asynchronous disposable
9.5 Avoiding async void
9.5.1 Exceptions cannot be caught
9.5.2 Hard to test
9.6 ConfigureAwait false
9.6.1 Avoid capturing original SynchronizationContext
9.6.2 Use in library code
9.7 Cancellation tokens
9.7.1 CancellationTokenSource
9.7.2 CancellationToken
9.7.3 ThrowIfCancellationRequested
9.7.4 Cooperative cancellation
9.8 Project Async Weather Fetcher
10 - Memory Management and Performance
10.1 Garbage collection
10.1.1 Generations 0, 1, 2
10.1.2 Workstation GC vs Server GC
10.1.3 Background GC
10.1.4 Large Object Heap LOH
10.1.5 Pinned objects
10.2 IDisposable
10.2.1 Unmanaged resources
10.2.2 Dispose pattern
10.2.3 Using statement
10.2.4 Await using and IAsyncDisposable
10.3 Span T and Memory T
10.3.1 Stack only Span T
10.3.2 Memory T for heap or async
10.3.3 ArrayPool T for renting buffers
10.4 Benchmarking
10.4.1 BenchmarkDotNet
10.4.2 Benchmark and MemoryDiagnoser attributes
10.4.3 Running benchmarks avoiding common pitfalls
10.5 Project Benchmark String Concatenation vs StringBuilder
11 - Generics and Constraints
11.1 Generic classes
11.1.1 Syntax
11.1.2 Type parameters naming T, TKey, TValue
11.2 Generic methods
11.2.1 T MyMethod T param
11.2.2 Type inference at call site
11.3 Generic interfaces
11.3.1 Interface IRepository T
11.3.2 Covariance out T and contravariance in T
11.4 Constraints
11.4.1 Where T struct value type
11.4.2 Where T class reference type
11.4.3 Where T new parameterless constructor
11.4.4 Where T BaseClass base class constraint
11.4.5 Where T IMyInterface interface constraint
11.4.6 Where T unmanaged no references
11.4.7 Multiple constraints
11.5 Project Generic Repository Simulator
12 - Exceptions and Error Handling
12.1 Try catch finally
12.1.1 Catching specific exception types
12.1.2 Multiple catch blocks
12.1.3 Finally for cleanup
12.2 Exception filters
12.2.1 Catch with when condition
12.3 Custom exceptions
12.3.1 Derive from Exception or ApplicationException
12.3.2 Serialisation constructor
12.3.3 Adding custom properties
12.4 ExceptionDispatchInfo
12.4.1 Capturing and rethrowing with original stack trace
12.5 Global exception handling
12.5.1 ASP.NET Core middleware
12.5.2 AppDomain UnhandledException
12.5.3 TaskScheduler UnobservedTaskException
12.6 Project Safe File Reader with Retry
13 - Reflection Attributes and Source Generators
13.1 Reflection
13.1.1 Type class
13.1.2 Assembly loading and scanning
13.1.3 MemberInfo MethodInfo PropertyInfo
13.1.4 Invoking methods dynamically
13.2 Custom attributes
13.2.1 Attribute class AttributeUsage
13.2.2 Applying attributes to targets
13.2.3 Reading attributes with reflection
13.3 Source generators
13.3.1 What are source generators
13.3.2 Incremental generators
13.3.3 Use cases compile time code performance
13.3.4 Difference from reflection no runtime overhead
13.4 Project Attribute Based Validation Engine
14 - Modern C# Features for Backend
14.1 Init only setters
14.1.1 Immutable objects after construction
14.1.2 Object initialiser with init
14.2 Required members C# 11
14.2.1 Required keyword
14.2.2 Constructor ensures required properties set
14.3 Record types emphasis
14.4 Interpolated string handlers
14.4.1 Performance optimisation for logging
14.4.2 InterpolatedStringHandler struct
14.5 Caller info attributes
14.5.1 CallerMemberName
14.5.2 CallerArgumentExpression
14.5.3 CallerFilePath and CallerLineNumber
14.6 Project Logging Helper with Caller Info
15 - Testing and Mocking
15.1 Unit testing frameworks
15.1.1 XUnit Fact Theory InlineData
15.1.2 NUnit Test TestCase
15.1.3 MSTest
15.2 Mocking libraries
15.2.1 Moq Mock Setup Verify
15.2.2 NSubstitute Substitute.For
15.2.3 FakeItEasy
15.3 Test doubles
15.3.1 Stub
15.3.2 Mock
15.3.3 Fake
15.4 Integration testing
15.4.1 WebApplicationFactory TStartup
15.4.2 In memory database with EF Core
15.4.3 HttpClient for testing endpoints
15.5 Project Testing a Calculator Service with Moq
16 - Logging Diagnostics and Configuration
16.1 Logging
16.1.1 ILogger T interface
16.1.2 Log levels Trace Debug Information Warning Error Critical
16.1.3 Structured logging with Serilog NLog
16.1.4 Enrichment and sinks console file Elasticsearch
16.2 Configuration
16.2.1 IConfiguration and configuration providers
16.2.2 JSON files appsettings.JSON
16.2.3 Environment variables
16.2.4 User secrets for development only
16.2.5 Command line arguments
16.3 Options pattern
16.3.1 IOptions T singleton no reload
16.3.2 IOptionsSnapshot T scoped reload on change
16.3.3 IOptionsMonitor T singleton with change notifications
16.3.4 Configure T and PostConfigure
16.4 Project Configurable App with Serilog
17 - Dependency Injection Deep Dive
17.1 Service lifetimes
17.1.1 Singleton one instance for entire app
17.1.2 Scoped one per HTTP request or scope
17.1.3 Transient new instance every time
17.2 Registration methods
17.2.1 AddSingleton AddScoped AddTransient
17.2.2 Factory delegates
17.2.3 Open generic registrations
17.3 Service resolution
17.3.1 Constructor injection preferred
17.3.2 IServiceProvider directly
17.3.3 IServiceScopeFactory for creating scopes
17.4 Decorator pattern with DI
17.4.1 Using AddScoped to wrap a service
17.4.2 Scrutor library for decorators
17.5 Project DI Lifetime Demonstrator
18 - Interop and Low Level APIs
18.1 PInvoke
18.1.1 DllImport attribute legacy
18.1.2 LibraryImport source generator .Net 7 and later
18.1.3 Marshalling strings structs pointers
18.2 Unsafe code
18.2.1 Unsafe context
18.2.2 Pointers
18.2.3 Fixed statement to pin managed objects
18.2.4 Stackalloc allocate on stack
18.3 Memory mapped files
18.3.1 MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile
18.3.2 MemoryMappedViewAccessor
18.4 Marshal class
18.4.1 Marshal.AllocHGlobal unmanaged memory
18.4.2 Marshal.StructureToPtr
18.4.3 Marshal.PtrToStructure
18.5 Project Call Windows MessageBox via PInvoke
19 - Backend Specific Patterns
19.1 Middleware pipeline
19.1.1 Use short circuiting
19.1.2 Run terminal middleware
19.1.3 Map branching
19.1.4 Order of middleware
19.2 Request delegates
19.2.1 RequestDelegate signature
19.2.2 Inline middleware with Use
19.3 Custom middleware
19.3.1 Class with InvokeAsync method
19.3.2 Injecting services scoped singleton
19.3.3 Calling next context
19.4 Project Custom Request Logging Middleware
20 - Code Quality and Tooling
20.1 Roslyn analyzers
20.1.1 FxCop legacy and Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers
20.1.2 StyleCop naming layout
20.1.3 SonarAnalyzer security bugs
20.2 Formatting
20.2.1 Editorconfig file
20.2.2 Dotnet format command
20.2.3 IDE integration VS Rider VS Code
20.3 Pre commit hooks
20.3.1 Husky.NET or simple bash scripts
20.3.2 Running dotnet format and dotnet test before commit
20.4 Project Enforce Coding Standards with editorconfig
21 - CLR Internals and Diagnostics
21.1 JIT compilation
21.1.1 Tiered compilation
21.1.2 ReadyToRun R2R ahead of time
21.1.3 Cross gen single file Native AOT
21.2 Diagnostic tools
21.2.1 Dotnet trace runtime events profiling
21.2.2 Dotnet dump heap analysis crash dumps
21.2.3 Dotnet counters performance counters
21.2.4 Dotnet gcdump GC heap snapshots
21.3 Event listeners
21.3.1 EventSource custom events
21.3.2 EventListener consume events
21.3.3 DiagnosticSource for library instrumentation
21.4 Project Collect GC Events with EventListener
22 - Low Level Concurrency and Lock Free Code
22.1 Threading basics recap
22.1.1 System.Threading.Thread
22.1.2 ThreadPool
22.1.3 Task as higher level abstraction
22.2 Lock free primitives
22.2.1 Interlocked class
22.2.2 Volatile prevent compiler optimisations
22.2.3 MemoryBarrier rarely needed directly
22.3 Lightweight synchronisation
22.3.1 SpinLock when lock held for short time
22.3.2 SpinWait hybrid spinning
22.3.3 Lazy T with thread safe initialisation
22.3.4 LazyInitializer static helpers
22.4 Concurrent collections
22.4.1 ConcurrentDictionary TKey TValue
22.4.2 ConcurrentQueue T
22.4.3 ConcurrentStack T
22.4.4 ConcurrentBag T
22.4.5 BlockingCollection T
22.4.6 Channel T producer consumer async support
22.5 Project Thread Safe Counter with Interlocked
23 - Advanced Testing and Debugging Techniques
23.1 Snapshot testing with Verify
23.1.1 Serialising expected output
23.1.2 Diffing changes
23.2 Fuzzing random inputs
23.2.1 FsCheck for property based testing
23.2.2 Generating arbitrary values
23.2.3 Shrinking counterexamples
23.3 Debugging with WinDbg SOS
23.3.1 Attaching to a process
23.3.2 Dumpheap and gcroot commands
23.3.3 Analysing deadlocks high CPU
23.4 Chaos engineering
23.4.1 Simulating failures with Polly chaos policies
23.4.2 Fault injection in integration tests
23.5 Project Property Based Test for Sort Algorithm
24 - REST API Deep Dive
24.1 Controllers vs minimal APIs
24.1.1 Controller based ApiController Route
24.1.2 Minimal APIs MapGet MapPost
24.1.3 Trade offs simplicity vs features
24.2 Routing and model binding
24.2.1 Attribute routing
24.2.2 Route constraints
24.2.3 From body query route header
24.3 Validation
24.3.1 Data annotations Required MaxLength
24.3.2 ApiController automatic validation
24.3.3 Custom validation attributes
24.3.4 FluentValidation external library
24.4 Content negotiation
24.4.1 Accept header
24.4.2 Produces and Consumes attributes
24.4.3 Custom formatters
24.5 API versioning
24.5.1 URL path versioning
24.5.2 Query string versioning
24.5.3 Header versioning
24.5.4 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning
24.6 OpenAPI and Swagger
24.6.1 Swashbuckle.AspNetCore
24.6.2 Generating Swagger JSON
24.6.3 Swagger UI for testing
24.6.4 Annotations ProducesResponseType
24.7 Problem Details RFC 7807
24.7.1 ProblemDetails class
24.7.2 ValidationProblemDetails for errors
24.7.3 Results.Problem in minimal APIs
24.8 Project Todo API with Versioning and OpenAPI
25 - API Security Deep Dive
25.1 CORS
25.1.1 Same origin policy
25.1.2 Preflight requests OPTIONS
25.1.3 AddCors and UseCors
25.1.4 Allowed origins methods headers
25.1.5 Credentials AllowCredentials
25.2 Rate limiting
25.2.1 Fixed window sliding window token bucket concurrency
25.2.2 Built in .Net 7 and later AddRateLimiter EnableRateLimiting
25.2.3 Partitioning by user IP API key
25.2.4 Returning 429 with Retry After
25.3 Security headers
25.3.1 HSTS Strict Transport Security
25.3.2 CSP Content Security Policy
25.3.3 X Frame Options clickjacking
25.3.4 X Content Type Options nosniff
25.3.5 Referrer Policy
25.4 API keys
25.4.1 Header or query string
25.4.2 Custom authentication handler
25.4.3 Storing keys securely Azure Key Vault Data Protection
25.5 HMAC signing
25.5.1 Request signing client computes hash
25.5.2 Server recomputes and compares
25.5.3 Replay attack prevention nonce timestamp
25.6 Data Protection DPAPI
25.6.1 IDataProtectionProvider
25.6.2 Protect and Unprotect
25.6.3 Key ring storage automatic rotation
25.6.4 Purpose strings isolated keys
25.7 Input validation
25.7.1 Built in anti XSS not enough
25.7.2 FluentValidation for complex rules
25.7.3 Whitelisting vs blacklisting
25.8 OWASP Top 10 for APIs
25.8.1 API1 Broken object level authorisation
25.8.2 API2 Broken authentication
25.8.3 API3 Excessive data exposure
25.8.4 API4 Lack of rate limiting
25.8.5 API5 Broken function level authorisation
25.8.6 API6 Mass assignment
25.8.7 API7 Security misconfiguration
25.8.8 API8 Injection
25.8.9 API9 Improper asset management
25.8.10 API10 Insufficient logging and monitoring
25.9 Project Secured Weather API
26 - Authentication in ASP.NET Core
26.1 Authentication schemes
26.1.1 Cookie authentication for traditional web apps
26.1.2 JWT Bearer for API tokens
26.1.3 OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect external providers
26.2 Setup
26.2.1 AddAuthentication and AddJwtBearer
26.2.2 Authorize attribute
26.2.3 AuthenticationHandler custom logic
26.3 JWT details
26.3.1 Header payload signature
26.3.2 Issuer audience expiration
26.3.3 Symmetric HMAC vs asymmetric RSA signing
26.4 Project JWT Authentication for Todo API
27 - Authorization Role Policy and Resource Based
27.1 Role based
27.1.1 Authorize with Roles
27.1.2 Claims with role type
27.2 Policy based
27.2.1 AddAuthorization with policies
27.2.2 RequireClaim RequireRole RequireAssertion
27.2.3 Custom IAuthorizationRequirement and AuthorizationHandler
27.3 Resource based
27.3.1 Inject IAuthorizationService
27.3.2 Call AuthorizeAsync with user resource requirement
27.3.3 Inside endpoint check ownership
27.4 Project Todo API with Role and Ownership Policies
28 - Database Access with EF Core and Dapper
28.1 EF Core
28.1.1 DbContext DbSet
28.1.2 Migrations Add Migration Update Database
28.1.3 LINQ queries translated to SQL
28.1.4 Change tracking and SaveChanges
28.1.5 Concurrency tokens Timestamp
28.2 Dapper
28.2.1 QueryAsync T raw SQL
28.2.2 ExecuteAsync non query
28.2.3 Multi mapping QueryAsync T U TResult
28.2.4 Performance advantage over EF Core
28.3 When to use which
28.3.1 EF Core for complex object graphs migrations
28.3.2 Dapper for read only high performance queries
28.3.3 Using both together CQRS lite
28.4 Project Blogging API with EF Core for writes and Dapper for reads
29 - File IO and Streams for Backend Developers
29.1 File system helpers
29.1.1 File Directory FileInfo DirectoryInfo
29.1.2 ReadAllText WriteAllText convenience but loads entire file
29.2 Streams
29.2.1 FileStream read write bytes
29.2.2 StreamReader StreamWriter for text
29.2.3 MemoryStream in memory buffer
29.2.4 GZipStream compression
29.3 Streaming responses
29.3.1 Results.Stream in minimal API
29.3.2 FileStreamResult in controller
29.3.3 Avoid loading large files into memory
29.4 Project File Upload and Download API
30 - Message Queues and Event Driven Architecture
30.1 Message brokers
30.1.1 RabbitMQ popular AMQP
30.1.2 Azure Service Bus cloud
30.1.3 AWS SQS SNS
30.1.4 Kafka high throughput
30.2 Abstractions
30.2.1 MassTransit supports multiple brokers
30.2.2 NServiceBus commercial
30.2.3 Raw client libraries
30.3 Idempotency
30.3.1 Idempotency keys in message headers
30.3.2 Storing processed message IDs
30.3.3 Exactly once delivery not truly possible but idempotent consumers
30.4 Outbox pattern
30.4.1 Store messages in database as part of transaction
30.4.2 Background processor publishes to broker
30.4.3 Prevents lost messages on broker failure
30.5 Dead letter queues
30.5.1 Handling poison messages
30.5.2 Retry policies and dead letter after max attempts
30.6 Project Order Processing with RabbitMQ and MassTransit
31 - GRPC for High Performance APIs
31.1 Protocol Buffers
31.1.1 Proto syntax for messages and services
31.1.2 Scalar types int32 string bool
31.1.3 Repeated fields enums nested messages
31.2 GRPC service types
31.2.1 Unary request response
31.2.2 Server streaming many responses
31.2.3 Client streaming many requests
31.2.4 Bidirectional streaming
31.3 Implementation in .Net
31.3.1 Grpc.AspNetCore package
31.3.2 Code generation from proto
31.3.3 Service implementation inherits generated base
31.4 GRPC vs REST
31.4.1 Performance binary HTTP2 multiplexing
31.4.2 Contract first vs code first
31.4.3 GRPC Web for browser clients
31.5 Project Stock Price Streaming Service
32 - Real Time Communication with SignalR
32.1 Hubs
32.1.1 Hub class
32.1.2 Methods callable from client
32.1.3 Calling client methods
32.2 Connection management
32.2.1 OnConnectedAsync and OnDisconnectedAsync
32.2.2 Keeping connection IDs
32.2.3 Reconnection logic
32.3 Scaling out
32.3.1 Redis backplane
32.3.2 Azure SignalR Service fully managed
32.3.3 Sticky sessions if not using backplane
32.4 Transports
32.4.1 WebSockets best performance
32.4.2 Server Sent Events SSE
32.4.3 Long polling fallback
32.5 Project Live Chat Application
33 - Docker and Containerisation for .Net Backend
33.1 Docker basics
33.1.1 Dockerfile FROM WORKDIR COPY RUN EXPOSE ENTRYPOINT
33.1.2 Multi stage builds build vs runtime images
33.1.3 Dockerignore
33.2 Docker Compose
33.2.1 Docker-compose.yml services .Networks volumes
33.2.2 Environment variables
33.2.3 Dependencies depends on
33.3 Health checks
33.3.1 HEALTHCHECK in Dockerfile
33.3.2 ASP.NET Core health checks AddHealthChecks
33.4 Project Dockerise the Todo API with PostgreSQL
34 - CI CD for .Net Backend
34.1 CI CD platforms
34.1.1 GitHub Actions
34.1.2 Azure DevOps Pipelines
34.1.3 GitLab CI
34.1.4 Jenkins legacy
34.2 Typical pipeline
34.2.1 Build dotnet build
34.2.2 Test dotnet test
34.2.3 Publish dotnet publish
34.2.4 Build Docker image docker build
34.2.5 Push to registry docker push
34.2.6 Deploy to Azure Container Instances Kubernetes VM
34.3 Infrastructure as Code
34.3.1 Bicep for Azure Resource Manager
34.3.2 Terraform multi cloud
34.4 Project GitHub Actions CI CD for Todo API
35 - Mid Point Capstone Secure Role Based Access plus OTP REST API
35.1 Project overview
35.2 Features JWT roles OTP rate limiting idempotency
35.3 Implementation steps
35.3.1 Scaffold ASP.NET Core project with JWT
35.3.2 Implement user registration and login
35.3.3 Add role claims and admin endpoints
35.3.4 OTP generation service 6 digits with expiry
35.3.5 Background service plus channel for email sending
35.3.6 Idempotency middleware with Redis
35.3.7 Integration tests
35.3.8 Docker and CI CD
35.4 Deliverables
36 - Beyond Senior Distributed Systems Cloud Native and Leadership
36.1 Microservices vs modular monolith
36.1.1 Benefits and trade offs
36.1.2 Service discovery Consul Eureka
36.1.3 API gateways Ocelot YARP Kong
36.2 Distributed transactions
36.2.1 Two phase commit not common in microservices
36.2.2 Saga pattern choreography vs orchestration
36.2.3 Idempotency and compensating transactions
36.3 Cloud native patterns
36.3.1 Retry and circuit breaker with Polly
36.3.2 Sidecar pattern for example Dapr
36.3.3 Health checks and liveness probes
36.4 Leadership
36.4.1 Architecture Decision Records ADR
36.4.2 Running technical design reviews
36.4.3 Mentoring senior engineers
36.5 Project ADR and Proof of Concept for Saga Pattern
37 - Final Mastery Project Banking Core System for Finance
37.1 Business context
37.2 Core features accounts transfers interest real time feed
37.3 Technical challenges idempotency concurrency outbox tracing
37.4 Solution structure modular monolith
37.5 Data models
37.6 Implementation steps
37.6.1 Create solution with four projects
37.6.2 Define domain models and DbContext
37.6.3 Implement idempotent transfer endpoint
37.6.4 Add optimistic concurrency row version
37.6.5 Set up RabbitMQ and MassTransit
37.6.6 Implement SignalR hub for balance updates
37.6.7 Background workers scheduled payments interest outbox
37.6.8 Add Polly retries for notifications
37.6.9 Configure OpenTelemetry and Jaeger
37.6.10 Write Docker Compose
37.6.11 Write k6 load test
37.6.12 Set up CI CD
37.7 Deliverables
37.8 Optional extensions
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LazyInitializer static helpers